Broadcasting Innovations

COMMERCIAL radio broadcasting in the United States began just fifty years ago, in 1920. By 1925 there were 3 million radios in American homes. By 1940 these had increased to over 45 million, and now there are an estimated 275 million radios in the United States. That is more than one radio per person! Indeed, radio broadcasting has been an anchor of the oldest technology of information sharing in history. In Australia there is a unique system of broadcasting.As in most other countries, however, there is the usual commercial broadcasting arrangement, Australia having more than one hundred commercial radio stations. Since the stations are dependent upon the advertisers, the advertisers to a great extent determine the type of program. When the programs are slanted toward the majority preference, the quality can deteriorate. Today, as technology opens up its doors to wider array of choices, radio broadcasting systems has also been subjected to the huge changes.As the Internet becomes wid ely available to almost everyone in the world, it is also a challenge for radio broadcasting companies to create organizations available through the said innovative design of technology. One of the questions needed to be considered regarding this issue is the possibility of putting up a virtual radio broadcasting company. Truly, a physically structured broadcasting company has a better chance of being controlled.On the other hand, a virtual broadcasting company has a wider scope of audiences, making it possible for broadcasting activities to reach a wider array of listeners thus making the broadcasting activity more feasible and effective in many terms. In terms, a physically structured broadcasting company is beneficial, but a virtual company would be more effective for a broadcasting job to reach the vast population who would find it interesting to appreciate the service offered by broadcasting companies.Surely, broadcasting companies who would accept to face the challenge of crea ting a virtual company should gain necessary knowledge on the applications needed to pursue such an organization. Bibliography Sterling Quinlan. Inside ABC: American Broadcasting Company's rise to power. Hastings House. Hilary Potkewitz. (2005). Coming together: networks dive into new media formats. (American Broadcasting Companies Inc. ties up with Apple Computer Inc. ). Thompson Gale.

A National Artist

A national artist refers to a person who has been given a high recognition for having made significant contributions towards the development of national arts in regard to music, theatre, literature, film, visual arts and other allied arts.   Italian artists are professional artists who have mastered all the themes of fine arts and are Italians by virtual of either working or living in Italy.Italy is well known for its art and artistic culture.   It has been globally recognised for its numerous monuments such as the Leaning tower of Pisa and the Colosseum in Rome.   Italy is also famous for other fine arts, music, cinema, theatre and other forms of arts.History of the Italian art.The origin of Italian art can be traced many centuries back with major happenings having began in the early 14th century (Feller 85).   Art in Italy has been marked by several eras or periods as they are commonly known this includes:The Roman period.This began immediately after the the end of the Puni c wars which was marked by the invasion of the Greek into the Roman empire.   This era was marked by Hellenistic styles which were common in the Greek civilization.There was cultic and decorative use of sculptures and mosaic pictorial presentations which are still evident from the remains of many temples and villas.   As the Roman period came to an end, more naturalistic and severe styles of art were developed at the centre of the empire and were later spread to the East of Italy and before moving to the Constantinople.Byzantine period.Due to the collapse of the western capital of the Roman empire, Italy stayed under the leadership of Constantinople for close to a thousand years.   During this time, artists in the region were involved in many projects throughout Italy and the Byzantine styles were most dominant in all these projects.   This style extended throughout the 14th century.Gothic period.The Gothic era was marked by various religious disputes and the Franciscans and the Dominicans were struggling to address the controversial issues within the aim of uniting the Roman catholic.During this time, Giovanni and Giotto being the first painters in Italy revolutionised the role of an artist from being a copier of traditional social norms and beliefs to being a creative individual.   These two artists strived towards improving the depiction of the whole artistic figures into more realistic pictures (Gibbons and George 19).By the 19th century, the art of Italy was marked with a lot of resurgence.   Italy's unification which happened in early 1871 had all the local paintings which had been painted decades earlier already expired.   This caused a lot of embarrassment for the Italian artists who had to deal with the lost glory in order to define the national voice of a pre-Garibaldi state which had now been unified from dozens of antipathetic small states.Panaroma period.Garibaldi Panaroma marked a special form of survival period for the public art i n Italy which was prevalent in the 19th century.   During this time, the panaromas were easily found on display on the streets to provide visual and knowledgeable   entertainment.   This were linear paintings which served the purpose of interpreting history and news concerning such great cities such as Rome and Paris (Mohen 78).The panaroma art work which depicted the life of Garibaldi is an example of a panaroma which was used to offer commercial entertainment during this era.   In order to keep up with the current happenings, most of the large panaromas were repainted over time but the small ones were just left to wear out.Recently in 2007, the department of Italian studies offered financial support for the state's national library to digitize the Garibaldi panaroma and make it available all over the world.   Etruscan bronze figures together with the terracotta funerary relief are some if the examples of the Italian traditions which were denounced after the Roman unifica tion.

My Growth As A Writer Essay

Writing has seemed to be a difficult process for me over the years. This is why it was my choice to enroll myself in creative writing classes over the last 6 years. The most difficult process for me in writing is generating ideas. You can learn to use proper structures for sentences but sadly creativity is something you can learn. In my play, The Doctor and the Patient, I displayed my best writing, and it gives a good example of what I have learned in this class. â€Å"THE PATIENT: Look,  man—we’re all different. Each individual can’t be typed into a group. All minds—souls, even— are different. But we all have something in common: we’re human. And it’s beautiful. † Is an allegory, often used in poetry. Due to the depressed nature of the patient, he finds something that can bring light into his world. Though he is stubborn, and rejects medicating and therapy sessions, he finds a false sense of security. My style of writing is usually freeform, in my spare time I usually write  post-apocalyptic situations, dark comedy, or serious. I have grown majorly at imagery and developing characters and dialogue. The tone of my writing is usually mellow, and flows rather quickly. And I have learned to construct a story arc that does not change too erratically. Future goals of mine would to get a few of my works published in a few small newsletters. Overall, I think my writing has improved drastically, I have learned how to style many different types of stories and writings.

Proposal Funding Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Proposal Funding - Assignment Example A proposal requires some background information that would help the credibility of the project. However, if there is lack of background information it is difficult to come up with a good proposal (Day, 2013). Drafting the needed resources required in the project is also tricky since one may overestimate and lose the funding or underestimate and see the project fail to be fully implemented (Peterson, 2008). It is therefore important to ensure that the resources required are well appropriated. Lack of ample information on the clientele is also a problem in coming up with the project requirements. In some cases the clientele may not be clearly recognized in the project making it difficult to write a proper proposal. The grant opportunity in this regard would be a grant towards the improvement of mental health in the country. The purpose of the grant opportunity is mainly to improve and broaden the delivery of individuals’ behavioral health. This would be through improving and enhancing integrated health care model within the existing health centers. When looking for funding for the project to conduct a research on the Healthcare experiences of the Haitian population in the Boston area in regards to Mental Health due to their cultural beliefs the Center for Disease Control and Prevention acts as one of the agencies that can fund the project (Peterson, 2008). Through the National Association for Public Health and information systems (NAPHSIS) acts as the best form of funding that the project can find since it’s sponsored by the National Environmental Public Health Tracking

INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY- Final Peper Essay

INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY- Final Peper - Essay Example The members who got into the treaty hope to achieve a complete recovery of the ozone layer by the year 2050 (Benedick, 2007). c. Number of participants and the reasons for the level of participation. The protocol has managed to attract international co-operation exceptionally due to the widespread implementation as well as adoption of the treaty. The treaty has been ratified as perhaps one of the most successful agreements of international scale to date. The treaties that fall under the Montreal Protocol have successfully been ratified by the European Union as well as 197 other states. This therefore makes the protocol alongside the two ozone treaties involved the most ratified of all the treaties in United Nations history. Other participants in the treaty include the Cook Islands, Holy See alongside Niue. The protocol has its proceedings in major languages so that no one fells left out. The languages are French, English, Spanish, Russian, Chinese and Arabic. This is one of the major factors that contributed to the fact that many participants were attracted to the protocol. The other reason for such level of participation is the common goal that drives the desire to protect the earth from losing the all important ozone layer. The countries that went into the treaty, the latest entrants being South Sudan, all had the common purpose to work towards eliminating harmful substances and controlling emission of such substances that can greatly affect the ozone layer (Chasek, 2013). d. Compare the success of the Montreal Protocol to that of the Kyoto Protocol and address the reasons for any differences in terms of National Interests of those that elected to participate and those that have not. The differences witnessed between Kyoto protocol and the Montreal protocol is that the one in Montreal imposed on all countries strict restrictions from the start. That mostly differs from the mode of operation of the Kyoto protocol. The other difference that can be observed in t he two protocols is that strong incentives were created by the Montreal protocol with regards to participation and compliance if a country is to be part of the main agenda. Montreal also created a positive feedback system whereby each step aimed at reducing the depletion of the ozone layer as well as creating incentives whereby each country would feel involved in the process of decision making in regards to taking steps forward. This effort in the long run provided the participating countries with an avenue to place their trust on the efforts of fellow states and hence national interests in the Montreal protocol turned up to be higher than that of the Kyoto protocol (Dotto, 2006) 2. United Nations Conventions on the Law of the Sea. a. The issue of â€Å"Property Rights† as it relates to UNCOLS. This treaty arose from the third conference held by the United Nations that took place right between the years 1973 and 1982. The laws in this treaty tend to define responsibilities of countries on how they utilize the resources from the sea as well as the oceans of the world. The treaty laid basic guidelines for environmental conservation, conducting business alongside good use of marine resources found naturally. UNCLOS came into effect in the year 1994 after signing Guyana a year earlier. By October of 2012, the treaty enjoyed the company of 164 nations alongside the European Union. The UN is

Operation Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Operation Management - Research Paper Example Operation management 1. Introduction The five star hotel described in the case study must consider a variety of factors when considering new and existing operational strategy. The hotel is large-scale in that it offers 250 bedrooms which must be regularly serviced and monitored for cleanliness and relevance to fulfilling the customer needs. This requires a labour-intensive focus to ensure that all elements of the guest experience are fulfilled, thus the need for a structured and regulated cleaning and maintenance crew must be established and managed appropriately. The hotel’s three kitchens will require more demands, especially in relation to quality and management, as it is designed to cater and service walk-in patrons from the external environment and guests as well. All of these facilities require an operational approach that takes into consideration design, the supply chain, planning, technology, and control from the management perspective, along with human resources, each with its own focus on input considerations and outcome demands. 2. Methodology of research The data gleaned for this report involved secondary desk research with consultation with various texts related to operations management, human behaviour, psychology and marketing. Because the role of employees is integral to the service encounter and maintaining a positive brand image, various journals regarding the role of human resources was not dismissed as part of operational and management strategy. The research identified case studies within a real-time hotel environment regarding environmental initiatives and human resources strategy as it relates to operations management in order to benchmark recommendations regarding what constitutes a quality contemporary operations strategy. Data was analysed by comparing the literature to the case study to identify correlations between concepts and operational strategy in order to gain an understanding of what operational components must be in pla ce in a large-scale, five star hotel environment. 3. Additional hotel features bearing on analysis One of the main themes associated with hotel environments and the hospitality industry as a whole is the human relations element related to employee motivation, worker role in marketing reputation, and general employee satisfaction. Though not described in the case study, the role of the service employee is vital to sustaining a quality reputation with customers and fulfilling their customer service expectations. Therefore, it was necessary to consult with literature describing the employee experience as well since their psychological and sociological attitudes will have a direct impact on their output results and interactions with diverse, international customers. The elements also associated with culture, both employee related and customer related, were also considered since most of the facility operational components maintain a high level of service interaction and will play directl y on whether or not the customers remain loyal to the hotel brand. These are important inputs when considering restaurant quality, cocktail environments where socialization between staff and customers is routine and the organisational structure that guides the hotel environment.

Phase 1 Discussion Board 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Phase 1 Discussion Board 3 - Essay Example Some of the management tools that aid the process of governing employee behavior include the code of conduct and ethical principles. Codes of conduct are clearly crafted rules that govern behavior of employees at the work place. The set of guidelines contain the dos and the don’ts of the organization. They further give a clear outline of appropriate disciplinary actions taken against an employee who contravene them. Ethical principles on the other hand refer to accepted behaviors. These are not written and have no mechanism effecting their compliance. Each society and profession has a number of acceptable behaviors and conduct to which every practitioner or member is required to abide by, failing to results to either lack of professionalism or gross misconduct. The ethical codes are in most cases reinstated in the codes of conduct of most professions (Davis, Giordano, & Licht, 2009). However, an individual is required to have a sense of responsive behavior in the conduct of bu siness transactions. Management in business refers to the coordinating, overseeing and supervising the activities in the organization with the aim of achieving the organization’s objectives. In doing this, the management ensures that all employees have the right mindset and are geared towards the attainment of the same. ... To a achieve this, the management must effectively and adequately understand the concept of management and the theories governing the same. Contingency theory of management postulates that each situation in the organization is unique and requires unique strategies to accomplish. This theory dictates that rather than having a universal approach to every situation, an organization should tailor make strategies for every situation. This way, the unique features of the situation are addressed. This is the most practical approach and is in most cases cost effective. Another theory of management that is equally effective is the systems theory. This theory views an organization as a system with four components that include input, transformational process, outputs, and feedback. Each of these four is integral to the attainment of the organizational objectives and must therefore be effectively coordinated. There are two types of organizational systems, the open, and the close system. A closed system does not interact with the external environment while and open system operates in constant interaction with the environment (Coon & Mitterer, 2011). Two theorists, Abraham Maslow and Douglas McGregor in analyzing the behavioral viewpoint of management hypothesized that human relations movements emphasize social factors at work resulting in group dynamics. It is common to find informal class groupings at a palace of work. These groupings are formed n the basis of mutual interest of the members. Despite being formal and irrelevant to the direct process production, the groups require effective management since they shape employee mindset. In such groups, employee come together especially at tea or lunch breaks and discuss social issues

Practical Anthropology and Moral Philosophy Distinction Essay

Practical Anthropology and Moral Philosophy Distinction - Essay Example The essay "Practical Anthropology and Moral Philosophy Distinction" presents the analysis of the difference between Kant’s moral philosophy and the empirical moral philosophy in terms of their principles and major determinants. The basis of finding the supreme moral principle should not be on the descriptive part but on the authoritative normative principle that is most fundamental in deciding human actions. Kant claims that morality commands human beings to be natural using the prior principles but never through the posterior ones. The two principles must be clearly distinguished in order to help determine what the conditional and the unconditional truths are as they may vary from species to species. What may be prudentially good to one person may not be so in another. The only way of justifying such a statement would be to analyze the moral philosophy and the empirical moral philosophy of the species concerned. Kant asserts that all moral theories prior to this fail to explain the categorical nature of moral obligation and to articulate a supreme moral principle that could capture the categorical nature of morality because those previous moral theories had neither recognized moral agents as autonomous nor recognized that the supreme moral principle must be self-legislated. The result of self-legislation in the previous theories on moral philosophy could only lead to hypothetical imperatives whereas Kant’s theory, solely based on the autonomy of legislation, could lead to categorical imperatives.

Fords Control Mechanisms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fords Control Mechanisms - Essay Example About one hundred years ago, demand could be easily matched to supply particularly in the rural agricultural areas, and the existence of production and consumption was in a closed loop supply chain, therefore, goods were predominantly manufactured and used as required. The just-in-time approach to manufacturing adopted by Ford presents a return to this form of relationship between the production and consumption phase that was present before the industrial revolution where consumers gave specifications of what they wanted before the process of production could begin. Henry Ford, who came up with the assembly line JIT approach used in the manufacture of Ford cars, had an awareness of this form of a rural tradeoff as he hailed from a small community whose main activities involved agriculture. The beginning of the economic business philosophy adopted by Ford and the main aim for JIT manufacturing was mainly informed by the recognition that increasing the wages of factory employees leads to increased rates of productivity. Initially, Ford was simply assembling the cars and not manufacturing them, as the parts were produced by external shops, however, they were not made to be highly tolerant necessitating that the company shapes and fits them before they could come together appropriately. The company lacked control in terms of the quality of parts in the supply stream as well as the incoming flow of materials that came from external sources. There were no control mechanisms in place to arbitrate the inconsistencies in the manufacturing and assembly processes.

Half the Sky Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Half the Sky Movement - Essay Example Breakthrough is an organization that is committed to deal with violence against women in the society. The organization defines sexual violence as all acts ranging from assault from partners, early marriages, â€Å"honor† killings and rape. Sexual Violence is viewed as a violation of human rights to a safe environment. It is seen as an issue that causes women to be insecure while living on earth. The organization views sexual violence as an act that keeps women from contributing fully to the economy of the community. The organization states that the key reason as to why women are faced with such traumatizing issues is simply because they are women. They are seen as less of a value compared to men. Research also shows that the level of education in women is less than that in women and thus, the gender difference. Thus, the organization states that the only way in which women can stop sexual abuse is self-empowerment. Women should equip themselves with education and skills such t hat; the community will realize that they are of value to the economy. This way, they will be able to earn respect from members of the opposite sex and be able to reduce cases of sexual violence.Equality Now is an organization that is based in New York which mainly deals with social issues affecting the lives of women. The organization also has a branch in Kenya that mainly targets at helping women who suffer from gender-based issues in Africa. Equality Now classifies a number of practices as sexual violence.... The organization defines sexual violence as all acts ranging from assault from partners, early marriages, â€Å"honor† killings and rape. Sexual Violence is viewed as a violation of human rights to a safe environment. It is seen as an issue that causes women to be insecure while living on earth. The organization views sexual violence as an act that keeps women form contributing fully to the economy of the community. The organization states that the key reason as to why women are faced with such traumatizing issues is simply because they are women. They are seen as less of a value compared to men. Research also shows that the level of education in women is less than that in women and thus, the gender difference (CIA, 2012). Thus, the organization states that the only way in which women can stop sexual abuse is self-empowerment. Women should equip themselves with education and skills such that; the community will realize that they are of value to the economy. This way, they will be able to earn respect from members of the opposite sex and be able to reduce cases of sexual violence (Breakthrough Organization, 1). Equality Now is an organization that is based in New York which mainly deals with social issues affecting the lives of women. The organization also has a branch in Kenya that mainly targets at helping women who suffer from gender based issues in Africa. Equality Now, classifies a number of practices as sexual violence. For instance, gang raping, sexual assault, child marriages and bride kidnapping. The organization views sexual violence as being a result of inequality in women. Therefore, the organization mainly works to end such acts through promotion of equality among women. According to the organization, equality between

Legalizing marijuana Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Legalizing marijuana - Research Paper Example A number of possible arguments for its legalization are also refuted in support of the actual and feared social, health and economic effects. The more immediate social effect of legalization marijuana production and use would be the higher chances for more crimes which could really have its related health and economic effects. If sins are the enemies of heaven, crimes are the enemies of a just and peaceful society. Thus legalizing the marijuana would have the effect of increasing the number of drug-related crimes. It is argued by those who favour legalization of the marijuana argues that the use and production domestically were not addressed by long practice of prohibiting the same. It is claimed by some supporters that despite the use of criminal penalties to prevent the use of hemp or marijuana for three quarters of a century, there still existed millions of users, which to them should be considered an evidence of such failure of prohibiting its free use and production (â€Å"420 Campaign – Top Ten Reasons Marijuana Should Be Legal†). Said claim essentially rested on the premise that people will not fear what is beneficial even in the eyes of threat of imprisonment. The validity of the above claims by the supporter of legalization become doubtful when the fallacy of the claim is exposes. The continued number of users via illegal means cannot be evidence of its failure since choosing to violate existing laws is still part of human. The fact that the substance is being used by a number people despite its being prohibited does not mean that prohibiting the same has become less effective. On the other hand, claims of success for such prohibition can be supported with crimes continued to be drug-related. It could therefore be countered that had there been no prohibition on the use and production of marijuana the greater would have been the number of crimes and therefore social effects would have been

The reign of James I Essay Example for Free

The reign of James I Essay (a) Explain briefly the financial policies of James I (b) To what extent was finance the main problem in the reign of James I Finance was at the centre of James disputes with Parliament. After his move from king of Scotland, James overestimated Englands wealth. He spent a great deal of money on Elizabeths funeral and when the ambassador of Spain came to England, he was sure to highlight the countries riches. Parliament did not give James more money. Consequently, he was forced to resort to impositions. Salisbury came up with a great plan called the Great Contract. This meant that James would give up his feudal rights in return for à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½200,000 a year. However, parliament failed to disagree with this idea, if James had enough money to rule without Parliament, he would. This refusal may have led to major dispute. Luckily, James strayed from the idea himself as he feared that high inflation would leave à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½200,000 a small fee for his feudal rights. As was stated earlier, One of James most influential problems with Parliament was finance. However, this was not the only problem that he encountered with Parliament. Some of the most influential disagreements between the King and Parliament were the Divine Right of Kings and the right of Parliament to represent public opinion. James was very competitive and liked to win arguments, he often used his title to win battles with Parliament and matters often resulted in being matters of principle. However, Gentry became wealthier and more powerful and they became determined that Parliament would be protected and then maybe expanded. Real problems begin with foreign policy when the Thirty Year War broke out. This was a Europe wide war between Catholics and Protestants. James son in law was in the centre of the conflicts. He was a protestant King who lost his country due to self greed. Parliament wanted James to support his son and daughter in law and his country by supporting the protestant cause. This left James in a predicament. He wanted to receive the money he would need to fight the war against Spain and the holy Roman Emperor, whilst hoping to avoid war by marrying his son, Charles, with the Spanish Infanta. Thus resulting on added pressure on the Roman Empire to give the elector of Palatinate his land back. James handled the difficult issue of religion fairly well and it was not the cause of major disputes between himself and Parliament. The problem came when James inherited the Anglican Church. It contained Puritans that wanted the church to loose all traces of Catholicism and it also contained Armenians who favoured many of the Catholic ideas. James met with the Puritans at Hampton Court in 1604. James did not give way to their ideas and the meeting resulted in the issue of a new Bible. The puritans wanted to get rid of the Kings bishops so that the Church would not be under the Kings control. James refused and made them do things the way the church was already. At first James was lenient towards Catholics, maybe due to his mothers Catholic ways, suspending fines that punished Catholics for not attending the Anglican Church. However, Parliament interfered and the decision was reversed. This tougher line with the Catholics led to the Gunpowder plot, with included a plot on James life. This also resulted in armed revolution from overseas Catholics. This proves that finance was a major ingredient in the ever present boiling pot of disputes between James I and Parliament but it was not the only ingredient. James handled many issues with Parliament fairly well; however, finance was a particularly difficult matter in which to find a balance, with James wanting more money and Parliament not prepared to give it to him. Subsequently, along with help and ideas from close staff, he managed to bear with the mess of finance but without the reality that England did not the riches that James believed, he would never excel in the issue.

Recruitment and Selection in Company Expansion

Recruitment and Selection in Company Expansion Khajurico Nepal is a family owned cottage industry based at Chapagaun, Lalitpur, Nepal. It was established in 1990 with a brand name of Khajuri foods and late in 2003 it was trademarked under Khajurico. Khajuri foods started its brand name by introducing bread and since 1994 it has been expanding widely with diversified products such as cookies and puff pastry. It is the only company where all the production employee is women from which we can see how Khajurico Nepal is promoting women empowerment. Today, Khajurico Nepal not only supplies its product at Nepal but also has opened its new factory in India named after Khajurico India Pvt. Ltd. and supplies its products to Australia, Tibet, Ghana, etc. (n.d.) Establishing a company in a foreign country is a risk. It isnt confirmed whether the company will work or not. There may or maynt be the market for the product that you are going to launch. Similarly, there might also be a problem with the tax, wages and law since the law of one country varies from another and the change in law can occur anytime. Likely, the cultural and language barrier also creates problem while launching a product as the company doesnt know what the local prefers. (Goodman 2015). Recruitment is the process where the organisation seeks for the new employee through the forms and cv that are applied by the candidates. Recruitment can either be internal or external. Internal recruitment takes place within an organisation whereas in external recruitment company brings new staffs by following up certain procedures such as job analysis, job description, job advertisement, etc. (Anon 2017). Selection is the process where right candidates are picked from the list of applicants through different methods such as: testing, gathering information and interview. A candidate is selected after he/she clears all the track races of the selection process. During the selection process, a person should neither be underqualified nor overqualified for the applied post. Hence, they will be placed a misfit for the post. While the selection process it is also important to review their past experience and references (Muhammad Umer Khalid Habib 07:20:48 UTC) Along with this the recruitment and selection process is also a crucial process as the company either needs to recruit their own staff or recruit the staff from the host country of from foreign country. All of these has its own advantages and disadvantages. PCN: Parent country Nationals HCN: Host country Nationals TCN: Third Country Nationals (Gomes 2012) Talking about the recruitment procedure of Khajurico Nepal Pvt. Ltd., currently in Nepal KNPL follows the strategic HR planning of NTBI (National Banking Training Institute) which adheres the following principle: Fair and Transparent Recruitment Competence knowledge, skills and attitude of the candidates Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) External and Internal sources The Recruitment procedure of KNPL: In order to recruit their staffs KNPL follows the following procedure; Sources of Recruitment So as to hire and fill the vacant position KNPL follows the following methods; Advertisement in a National daily newspaper. Advertisement in the Company web site / notice board. External job web sites Outsourcing. Through Talent Hunt and the Company data base (already collected CVs) Any vacant position shall also be full filled internally from the existing pool of staff without going for external vacancy announcement. However, this shall be done on a strong recommendation from the line manager based on the staff performance and upon approval from the Chairman / Chief Executive. In case of all hires within the Chairmans authority, this will be formally notified to the board for information and ratification. Usually, during the selection of candidate the head of HRD submits the evaluation sheet to the CEO which indicates the names of candidates, marks obtained by them in both written and interview and the total score. And through that sheet the CEO makes further appointment. If any of the recommended candidate is unavailable for the appointment, then the next candidate will be appointed. However, it is upon the CEO on how to select the candidate for vacant position. Hence, the appointment will be disqualified and will not be appointed in the institute if; If he/she is below 18 years of age. If he/she is medically unfit. If he/she has had previous employment terminated on grounds of lack of integrity, honesty, misuse of funds and pilferage. If he/she is convicted by a competent court on criminal charge, involving imprisonment of more than six months. If he/she is a foreign national except on conditions approved by the Board with permission of the Labour Department of Government of Nepal. Achieving high performance from the new employees Whether the company is established at home country or a host country it is obvious that they expect high performance from their staffs individually. And in order to achieve a good performance certain steps should be taken which are explained below; Induction/orientation: Induction/orientation is the process of letting the new employees to get adapted towards their new working place. In this phase, the new recruited employees are introduced to their workplace, their work colleagues and their role in that organisation. Usually, every company does an induction/ orientation programme since every candidate has their own prospective (Anon 2016c). In every organisation the induction usually take place in the first day where all the information regarding the company and business code of conduct are provided to the employees. Training: Training is the process of providing extra knowledge, skills, attitudes or social behaviour to the staffs so as to perform the job more efficiently, effectively and skilfully as per the trend and technological change in the market. Since, training takes lots of effort and time, it is very important for an organisation to think regarding the need and objective while providing training to their staffs since high qualified professionals are used.(Anon 2016a) Coaching: Coaching is a technique where the managers act as a coach and guides its sub-ordinated through their experience and knowledge. (Anon 2016b). Coaching can also be defined as a facility that is given by the higher level to their subordinates so as to help them to achieve their goals, develop their own personal strategy and improve their efficiency of doing the work (SEGERS et al. 2011). Hence, it is the way of achieving through daily feedbacks and communication of the staffs. Performance Review: Performance review helps keep track of all the activities and achievements of the employees, thus helping employees stay motivated. Periodic performance review helps employees know how they are doing in terms of their performance and motivates them to do better. It also helps them understand their weakness and how they should improve them. Thus, performance review helps in achieving high performance. Hence, performance = employee ability, motivation and opportunity to participate. (Boselie et al. 2005) Rewards: Rewards are the benefits that an employee deserves after his/her excellent performance in an organisation. Rewards can either be financially or non-financially, financial reward includes salary increment, bonus, allowance, etc. whereas non-financial reward includes accommodation, insurance, etc. Every employee joins an organisation with an expectation of getting reward as per their performance(2017).However, these include linkages with performance expectations in: Positive terms (merit review) Neutral consequences (lateral reassignment to improve person/job match) Negative outcomes such as progressively stronger counselling sessions Succession Planning: It is an implication that identifies the problems, reviews it and works on the problems along with their best employees so as to meet performance expectations for a job different from the one she/he currently holds with greater responsibility. It helps to boosts its employee morale by providing them the position as their performance. Hence, succession planning is done so as to fill the vacant position. (Anon 2016d) Career Development Programs: Career Development Program is carried out by every organisations so as to develop individual capability so as to achieve their future goal and career. Since it fulfils the requirement of both employee and organisation it has been an important need for both of the parties.(Anon 2015) An effective Career Development Program: Is critical for the retention of superior performers. Builds internal bench strength, reduces costs associated with outside hires, and maintains continuity in overall performance of the organization. Today, as per the change in the economic, cultural, environmental and political status, it is a challenging thing for any organisation to establish as well as maintain a goal to achieve an affective commitment from their new employees. According to Sayeed (1989) the personal character, role related factors and structural factors are the board antecedents of organisations commitment. Allen et al. (1990) says that organisational commitment is either affective or emotional attachment towards the organisation. (Kumari Afroz 2013) In this technological era, it has brought up many changes in the working environment of the people. People not only seek good working condition but also seek higher income, benefits, commitment, etc. So as to get achieve a commitment from their employee an organisation needs to fulfil every employee needs. However, a company can achieve an affective commitment through its employee by their employees psychological state such as; (Anon n.d.) (Jaaron 2009) Affective Commitment Continuance Commitment Normative Commitment Affective commitment: It is the emotional attachment of an employee towards its organisation. Here, he/she doesnt fear of any losses but strictly follows the company rules and regulations and states the organisations goals and objective. Continuance Commitment: Some employee fears that by leaving the job they might face problems such as low salary, pension, low allowance, working environment, etc. due to which they get stuck to their job thinking that their change in job might create trouble in their life. Hence, these type of commitment is more seen in higher level staff as they are already established in the particular company and fear to lose the position. Normative Commitment: It is a thinking of the employee that he must work in the organisation. Here, he/she feels that it is their responsibility to work in that organisation. There might be several reasons of an employee to have such commitment such as the company might reward them by paying their education or it might be their own perception to do so. However, it is very much important for an organisation to gain the commitment from their employees so as to increase their level of quality and performance. Culture is the characteristic of particular group of people that belongs to certain part of religion, place and language (Zimmermann et al. 2015). A culture may vary from the people of same or different country. For an organisation, it is a must to understand the culture of the host country and should be sociable with the consumers. They should be updated regarding the potentialÂÂ   business challenges to overcome the competitive market. Following can be the issues on cross cultural management; (PGPExecutive 2015) Ambiguity: People have their own way of thinking, doing, talking or seeing. A word can have several meanings, for example a person can utter a word that might be the same language as of the another but the other person might take it differently which increases misunderstanding between the people. Likely, every culture has its own unique value, and might be reluctant in adapting new culture in the host country. Hence, ambiguity creates an incorrect perspective within an information that one wants to deliver to the listener. Inflexible attitude: There are some people who go to the host country and hesitate to participate in their culture which gives an impression that they are not comfortable with the environment that the host country is providing. Showing this kind of behaviour will hamper the person rather than the host because he/she is the one to lose the team and destroy the relationship of the business with the host country. Ethnocentrism: It is the perception of the people where they think that their own culture is correct. Even though these kinds of people are sent to the host country they dont try to accept the new culture. Rather, they start judging the host countries culture on the basis of their own culture. However, these issues can be corrected by following: By understanding the communication style of host culture By understanding the cultural values By developing the right competencies It is obvious that an organisation faces challenges during their working period. There are several challenges that Khajurico Nepal Pvt. Ltd. should follow up; Customer demography: Customer demography denotes the age, sex, gender, income, race, status, etc. which helps the organisation to target their customer. KNPL should not only understand the demography of the customers but also needs to understand what exactly the company needs to do inorder to maintain relation with their potential customer (Staff 2017) Working culture: The working culture of an organisation may vary from its host country. Working culture is the surrounding of the company on how the company treats their employees and how their employee follows the principles and guidelines of the organisation. An organisation having a good working culture directly influences the staffs to work well with their colleagues. (Anon n.d.) Political Issue: The political issues can both be internal and external. External issues include the following; (Contributor 2015) Governments tax policy which can fluctuate at any given time affecting the companys targeted profit, goals and objectives. Corruption Effects of pressure groups leading to change in governments policy which might affect the production. Trade control Hence, if such issues occurs KNPL should either ask for compensation with the host country or purchase political risk insurance ( it doesnt guarantee that the company will get its compensation through insurance as soon as the event occurs) (Phung 2006). The internal issues occur within the organisation. It might include the following; Strike by trade unions for not meeting their demands Autocracy Disregarding employee performance because of the fear of being replaced by top leaders. Hence, if the internal issue occurs KNPL should organise frequent meeting between the staffs and the management, equal opportunities should be given as per their level of performance and the management should have a flexible approach towards the employees feedback.

Origin Of The Term Identity Politics Cultural Studies Essay

Origin Of The Term Identity Politics Cultural Studies Essay A Contested Term. The origin of the term identity politics is sometimes traced to the 1960s Civil Rights Movement but it was articulated by women of colour in their 1977 Combahee River Collective Statement. The term refers to collective group identities like race, ethnicity, sex, religion, caste, sexual orientation, physical disability as the basis for political analysis and action. Its main objective is to empower individuals to articulate their discrimination and invisibility through consciousness raising and action. Identities and Movements It is important to debate this term and its politics as it has been the basis for several movements as well as an ideological challenge to existing analytical frameworks and explanations. In the 1980s, there was a cultural and religious revivalism in the form of ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka, Hindu communalism in India and global Islamist fundamentalism. In the 1990s, there was the violence and tragedy of former Yugoslavia, movements based on tribal identities in Rwanda and Sudan. Many countries especially in the European Union saw right wing movements in the context of immigration and nationalism with debates on Britishness or the banning of headscarves in France. Currently, scholars have seen its re-appearance in the Presidential contest between Obama and Hillary Clinton in the USA i.e. pitching their campaigns around the first woman president or the first black president. Making of an Identity Some identities come with birth like the black, caste or religious ones. Or they can be acquired like national ones, sexual preferences or interest groups. Identities are fluid, multiple and unstable. They may be blurred or erased over a period of time. That they may be created as the identity of being Indian was propagated after Independence from British colonialism. Multiple identities mean that they are competing with each other often resulting in conflicting loyalties like a woman may during a communal riot have to choose between her religious group identity and that of her gender. Often there is strong societal resistance to crossing identity boundaries like in the case of sexual identities. Social norms and institutions do not allow people to step out of their prescribed identity. Causes for Identity Mobilisations Why have identity movements emerged during this conjuncture of history? Theoretical explanations bring together the cultural, political and economic. The global flight of capital has spread industrialisation all over the world. World wide trade and communication has created a homogenization of culture and politics. Young people in most parts of the world are familiar with the Coke and Jean culture, American films and TV serials. However the impact of the economic process has been uneven. There is a polarisation between the rich and the poor in a country and between nations of the North and the South. Gender relations are also changing as more women are joining the workforce often when men are unemployed creating resentment and competition. Women are more mobile and visible. And the patriarchal family structure is weakening. Bitter Sweet There is a section of people who are benefiting from the globalised world market. But the aspirations and hopes of many are belied. Descending social and economic groups resent their loss of privileges. So there is a public outburst in UK that Indian doctors are taking over the British medical system or that outsiders are taking over jobs which should rightfully belong to Marathi speaking people in Mumbai. The onslaught of Westernisation and its values due to globalisation has created a reaction of orthodoxy. Right wing Muslim, Hindu and Christian groups have called for cultural re-assertion and pride in ones identity. Parallel to the sweeping cultural, political and economic changes and identity based movements was the rise of post modernism in academia. As a critique of Marxist dominance in theory, post modernists gave culture a significant place in analysis and shifted the focus to power relations, identities, construction of gender, class, race etc. The Rise of Identity Movements [ Used in Womens Movement] Identities are powerful sources of consciousness and mobilization as they make an individual conscious of his/her identity and bring them together for political protest and demands through violent or other means. At present there are large mobilisations based on identities like: World wide Islamist Movements Hindu right wing movements Regional self determination movements like Tamil homeland in Sri Lanka, Kashmir and North East in India, Kurds in Turkey Sexual preferences like the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgendered [LGBT] movement Trade Union Movements There is a tendency to see id based movements as regressive because they are usually associated with right wing movements. But the sexuality movements have challenged conservative notions of sex and sexual activities. 6. The Other Exclusion and Inclusion are critical criteria for identity formation. The we of a certain group can only be identified versus they of the other group. The process of defining and controlling these boundaries of difference has been coined as Other-ing. This process of creating sameness and otherness amongst people, has been used to justify all manners of oppression and violence against marginalized, weaker, less powerful groups. Across history these have included Women, Blacks, Jews, Homosexuals, Dalits, Tribals, lower classes, People with Disabilities etc. The Ideal Woman Identity Movements, which are right wing, have given a special place to women. For example, both Muslim fundamentalism and Hindu communalism project an ideal woman as indispensible for society. These ideals are related to womens dress, behaviour, sexual activity and motherhood. Nazi Germany glorified the blond Aryan woman, who bears children, accepts secondary status to her husband and the State. Muslim fundamentalism advocates a return to tradition as Islam is in danger, reinforces Muslim identity by rejecting Westernisation and especially by propagating the veil for women, role of a homemaker, and the return to or imposition of the Sharia Laws or Muslim Personal Laws. Roots of tradition are in the past and is not open to interpretation. Life and Laws flow from the holy book, and its meanings are fixed and non debatable. Women are regarded as guardians of Muslim culture and honoured as long as they perform their duties to be good mothers and raise their sons as warriors of Islam. 8. Sita not Draupadi Hindu communalists idealise Sita, the wife of the mythological god, Ram. The qualities of Sita are that of a chaste pati vrata or ideal wife who follows her husband to the forest, bears him sons and immolates herself when her fidelity is in suspicion. Draupadi on the other hand was an articulate, assertive and proud woman who has 5 husbands, who she continually challenges and even seeks revenge. Women have been part of the internalisation process since their childhood. They too believe in many of these values and strive to maintain the roles propagated by fundamentalists. And for doing so, they are honoured and given status by their men and fundamentalist leaders. Many educated, professional and Westernised women have turned to their religion because it also offers them mental and physical security. Crisis in Feminism The womens movement and feminist theory went into a crisis with the advent of post modernism and identity based movements. The former contested the category woman as also all universalisms. Women could not be considered a homogenous group and the using of we was politically incorrect. The slogans of women of colour were picked up by Jewish women, indigenous and later Third World women. Global sisterhood was laid to rest. These voices of other feminists introduced the notions of feminisms, rather than simply feminism. In addition, these feminisms brought in the notion of multiple oppressions, multiple patriarchies and womens movements. Feminist analysis shifted from standpoint feminism to various postmodernist feminisms. Studies on womens subordination across cultures, societies, and historical periods shifted to micro-narratives of class/race/and gender. 10. Crisis in Feminist Politics The clash of multiple identities and allegiances which surround them came out into the public. The womens movement in India and the feminist groups are not that large or popular to have reached the masses of women to shore up a gender based identity. In the absence of a popular secular movement, the majority of women align with their caste or religious identities. Large numbers of them participated during the Mumbai Riots of 1992-93 after the demolition of the Babri Masjid against Muslims and in support of the sati of Roop Kanwar [1987] against feminist groups and progressive movements asking for a ban. In the Shah Bano Case [1985], women supported a maintenance law formulated by the govt and Muslim leaders against their own interests. Sometimes women are pulled into battles not of their making as in the case of the Cauvery River riots. Both Tamil and Kannadiga women had no knowledge of river water issues but were subjected to rape and molestation by the rival community. Domestic violence becomes invisible in the face of other state wide violence like in Kashmir, North East and Sri Lanka. Women would like to address domestic violence but sacrifice their individual rights as women to community rights for self determination. 10. Strategies One of the main problems with identity politics is that its assumptions can lead to an almost infinite number of small, atomised identity groups. Taken forward this logic comes to mean that ultimately each individual is her own group. Identity politics makes it difficult to bring together large groups to protest and collectively act for radical social change. In an oblique way, it supports conservatism and status quo and works against collective struggle. On the other hand, identity politics has introduced important elements and lessons within the womens movement. It has changed its lexicon, challenged its assumptions and visibilised many sections of women and transgendered people. Sexual minorities, religious minorities, women with disabilities and race and caste based womens groups have come into their own with vibrant movements. The lessons for the womens movement in general is that it has to respect and build bridges with different identity groups, take on board their agendas and issues and together move towards transformative strategies for a just society.

A Phenomenon; Hip-hop Essay -- Music, Sub-culture

People have many different problems in their lives and their reactions are also different. Some of them prefer to talk about these problems directly; some choose another way that is indirectly, such as music. Hip-hop is a reaction for people to show what happens in their lives. Although all music types have the same function, many people prefer this music type to tell what they feel without using exaggerated artistic lyrics since everything is pure and real in hip-hop. On the other hand hip-hop is not just a music type since the beginning; it is a culture in the United States. It is effective in every part of our lives, in schools, in streets or in our homes. That popular and effective music type began as a rebellious to destroy the feuds but since then it has changed a lot; now hip-hop is the cause of feuds which are consist enough violence to cover the youth all over the world (Kelley, 13). This article mentions the description and history of hip-hop and also effects of it to under stand the violence in hip-hop culture which is featured by lyrics. Today, it is quite clear to see that hip-hop has a strong effect on youth and this effect causes violence in society. There are many different descriptions about hip-hop but the most common view is hip-hop is not stable. People who listen to this music prefer it because it is the reflection of the life. Keung describes hip-hop as, â€Å"it is an expression of feelings through music, an outlet where people can channel their negative energy into something positive† which means hip-hop is a way to eliminate the negative results of human’s behaviors (Keung, 2). Although the idea behind the hip-hop was that before, it has changed in time. Now hip-hop does not destroy the negative results of b... ...o not care about any limit in their lyrics since they consider that they show the all sides of the life. Even though, this violence and dirtiness in hip-hop are accepted by music authorities it is not easy to fix this situation because hip-hop is in every part of life and people accept it with that unique and rude style. In my opinion to pretend the violence in hip-hop, first families should be responsible to control their children, when kids are educated enough to understand which type of music consists violence and this violence is harmful for their life, it is easier to change the music producers minds. Producers and artists earn huge amounts from this industry and all industries are shaped according to demands; music producers have to give what audiences wants. To change the hip-hop culture and destroy the violence, it should be started with educate the youth.

Self-Employment Essay -- Jobs Businesses Papers

Self-Employment Today large companies are downsizing and reengineering with much more frequency, and it would appear that the trend has become one of people starting their own business. An interesting statistic stated that in the United States a new small business is started every 11 seconds; (of course many do fail, but they are started all the same). (Sullivan) We must also keep in mind that starting a business and being self-employed are not always one in the same-as this paper will examine in more detail. People can be, and often are, simultaneously owners, self-employed producers, and capitalists. It was stated that, In traditional economics a basic principle is that economic resources-the means of producing goods and services-are limited or scarce. Economic resources are defined as property resources-land or raw materials and capital-and human resources-labor and entrepreneurial ability. Therefore, entrepreneurial ability is one of the four cornerstones of our economy. (Kautz, "Entrepreneurial Issues.") The availability of all of these resources in turn, determines the vitality of the economy and its growth. Although to be an entrepreneur does not require that one be self-employed, being self-employed does require that one, at least to some extent, be an entrepreneur. Therefore it is important to understand what it "is" to be an entrepreneur as well as what it "takes" to be an entrepreneur. The basic components of entrepreneurial ability can be reduced to four basic components. First, the entrepreneur is the one who takes the first step, and thus the initiative, to combine the individual parts of land, capital, and labor to produc... ...ary/weekly/1999/aa051799.htm Kautz, Judith. "Entrepreneurs Add Vitality to the Economy." July 2, 1999." wysiwyg://24/http://entrepreneurs†¦.s/library/weekly/1999/aa070299.htm Kautz, Judith. "Entrepreneurship Beyond 2000." wysiwyg://29/http://entrepreneurs†¦.s/library/weekly/1999/aa112599.htm Martin, Ed. "Entrepreneurs and Small Business. What's the Difference?" wysiwyg://53/http://sbinformation†¦.ation/library/weekly/aa082800a.htm Pettersson, Edvard. "Countering View of Immigrants as Entrepreneurs." Los Angeles Business Journal. January 24, 2000. The Gale Group (CBJ, L.P.). Sullivan, Robert. "Nine Steps to Success." The Small Business Start-up Guide. wysiwyg://17/http://www.bizproweb.com/features/9_steps_to_success.html "Top 10 Reasons Small Businesses Fail." wysiwyg://14/http://about.allbusin†¦ormation/general.jhtml?fname=10207

Courage in to Kill a Mockingbird Essay

One likes to think of a hero, as strong, brave, and meeting all challenges head on. All the characters in this book have a different view as to what courage is, and they all show it in different ways through their everyday lives. Younger characters, like Jem and Scout, see the physical aspect of it, whereas Atticus believes this to be an extremely weak form of courage. He believes in the mental quality of courage. The ability to be in minority and not back down and to be able to change; he admires Mrs. Dubose for her acts of courage that are against all odds. For a younger character, like Scout, courage is often associated with a physical act that is usually dangerous. It is hard for young children to realize that courage can be shown in other aspects of life. Scout sees an example of courage in her father when he shoots the mad dog Tim Johnson (pg. 101). Although Atticus does not think of it as very courageous, Jem and Scout are proud of their father and the courage he showed in this dangerous situation. Atticus views courage on a more intellectual level, as a moral thing not something that can be proved with a weapon. Later on in the story, Jem and Scout encounter the vindictive, spiteful Mrs. Dubose who often shouts out racism directed at the passing children because of Atticus’ job. At one point she proclaimed, â€Å"Your father’s no better than the niggers and trash he works for! † (pg. 111). When she blatantly made Atticus an object of ridicule like that, Jem decided that the best way to settle things was to ruin Mrs. Dubose’s camellias. Since he could not attack Mrs. Dubose directly, Jem decided to go for something close to her. He is committing a physical act of retaliation, which led to her suffering mental pain yet again. It was a cowardly act, for he dared not step up and confront her. After Atticus heard about this stunt, Jem was made to read to her every afternoon for a month. He now needed mental valour, and he did find it more difficult to source this than the physical bravery he was used to displaying. This is made apparent by him refusing to walk past her house alone, and because Jem was at first terrified of going to see her. Mrs. Dubose was a very sick woman, and had used morphine to ease her pain but was now addicted. It was her goal to leave the world â€Å"beholden to nothing and nobody† (pg. 120). She displayed what Atticus refers to as â€Å"real courage. † (pg. 121). She showed â€Å"real courage† because she does not have the luxury of standing there with a gun pointed at her addiction. One single attempt could not free her from the addiction. Rather, it had to be a many staged process over an extended period of time. It was shear determination and â€Å"real courage† that allowed her to accomplish her goal. It was not until after she died that Atticus explained to Jem and Scout how courageous the woman was because she knew she was dying but was still determined to die free of the morphine. She fought against great odds, even though she knew that she would surely die. Atticus tells his children that he wanted them to see â€Å"what real courage is, instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. † He also says that she was the â€Å"bravest person he ever knew. † (pg. 121) â€Å"Real courage† is when you fight for what is right regardless of whether you win or lose. Atticus Finch demonstrates â€Å"real courage† several times throughout the novel, in addition to the lessons that he teaches his children. The largest and most important example would be the trial of Tom Robinson. When Atticus took the case, he went up against Maycomb, a generally prejudiced town, in order to defend Tom. He understood that taking the case would make him an object of ridicule and that no one would forgive him for believing a black man’s word over a white man’s. Even his own sister expresses disapproval at his decision, practically telling him he was bringing disgrace to the family. Nevertheless, no matter how much his reputation suffered, he did not change his mind. Standing up for his morals and ethics was more important than what people thought about him. From the very start Atticus knows he will not win the case however he does his job and finishes what he set out to do. Atticus’s strong sense of morality and justice motivates him to defend Tom Robinson with determination, giving it all he has. He shows this when he says, â€Å"Simply because we were licked a hundred years before we started is no reason for us not to try and win. † (pg. 82). He says this to Scout after she comes home from school angry at Cecil Jacobs for making fun of Atticus in the schoolyard. Atticus tells her to fight with her head instead of her fists. He wants the people of Maycomb to hear the truth about Tom, â€Å"That boy may go to the chair, but he’s not going till the truth’s told. † (pg. 159). Atticus is putting everything a man holds dear, dignity, respect, honor and status, on the line to protect Tom. He later shows more bravery when he goes to the jailhouse to protect Tom from a mob. Without thinking twice, he rushed to Tom’s aid. He went willingly, knowing that if a mob did form he would be greatly outnumbered and would easily be beaten. Still, he put Tom’s well being ahead of his own welfare. While serving justice, Atticus also showed great courage. For example, he did not go along with Heck Tate when he told a lie about what really happened the night Bob Ewell was found stabbed to death. Atticus put his life and career on the line because he knew that, as an officer of the court, withholding information from an investigation could have gotten Mr. Tate thrown into jail. Nonetheless, like many times before, doing what was right and fair prevailed in Atticus’s way of thinking. In addition, Atticus went against his moral code and principles he had always upheld before, when Atticus is faced with the decision of abiding by the law or breaking it in order to do the right thing. He knew that incarcerating a man like Arthur Radley would have been unforgivable, especially after Arthur had just performed a great deed by saving his children’s lives. He knew that exposing him would be an awful way of repaying him; it would have been like â€Å"shooting a mockingbird. † Therefore, Atticus chose to protect Boo from the public eye rather than abide by the law and his â€Å"honest† judicial ways he was so accustomed to follow. Sometimes it takes even more courage to set a new level of morals than to stay in one’s comfort zone. (pg. 297-302). The courage to change habits and thoughts is very important, because not everyone is able to do it. A very good example of this courage is when Atticus asked Scout not to fight anymore. â€Å"When I committed myself to this act of cowardice. Word got around that Scout Finch wouldn’t fight anymore, her daddy wouldn’t let her. † (pg. 97). That was a great act of courage because Scout used to fight a lot but as she had promised her father she would not fight anymore. Scout, like Jem does not want to disappoint Atticus, so she makes a change. In conclusion, Atticus shows praiseworthy courage and behaviour in many instances throughout the story, not by fighting or killing, but by standing up for what he believed in a civilized and determined way. His strongest motivation, however, were his children. He wants to be a good example for his kids and encourage in them a strong sense of moral value. One time Scout asks him why he had taken a case he knew he was not going to win and he responded by saying, â€Å"For a number of reasons. The main one is, if I didn’t I couldn’t hold up my head in town, I couldn’t represent this county in the legislature, I couldn’t even tell you or Jem not to do something again. † (pg. 82). In other words, he would not have been able to talk to his kids about justice and standing up for what one believes when he himself had not stood for what he believed in. The lessons taught by Atticus and Mrs. Dubose show Jem and Scout what it is to be courageous, to be able to change, to tell the truth and most importantly to stand up for their own beliefs. All qoutes from Lee, Harper, 1960, To kill a Mokingbird, London, Pan Books

Enlightened and Romntic Views of God

Essay I During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in Europe, change was always constant, and two different movements that were brought about by this change were the Enlightenment and the Romantic movements. These two different schools of thought had both things in common as well as differing opinions. An example of how this is applied is when the matter of God and religion is discussed.These two different views encompass a lot of similarities with regards to theological matters, but the main difference between the Enlightened and Romantic views of God is that Enlightenment does not put as much focus and emphasis on such matters as Romantic thinking does. The Enlightenment era was brought about during the time of scientific inquisition and governmental criticism. During this time, philosophers were writing sociological doctrines about how man is best governed, and scientists were pushing the boundaries and frontiers of their respective fields even farther.During this time, which also included such events as the French Revolution, religious affairs took a back seat to issues that were of a secular nature. As opposed to times before, where religious persecution was encouraged, thinkers of the Enlightenment period highly promoted religious toleration, and it was a more common policy during the Enlightenment than any time before that. There was a higher abundance of different religions and denominations because religion was not seen as imperative as it was before because there were many new things to learn that did not involve the church.One similarity between romanticism and the enlightenment is that each movement held an unconventional way of seeing God. Each movement valued an individual relationship with God, rather than the conventional way of congregationalism. Each movement was disdainful towards formal church groupings and the imposition of religious doctrines upon the individual. The Romantic Movement was similar to the Enlightenment in several ways. T hey were both influential events that were quite impactful, and they stressed unconventional methodology.These movements differed as well, and a main difference was that the enlightenment emphasized things that were within rationality, reason, and could be proved. Romanticism tended not to focus on such things, because it investigated the realms of human emotion, while the enlightenment was based on intellectual and logical principles. Hence, Romanticism held more of an interest of the relationship between God and the individual, because it had a lot to do with human emotion and things that were considered to be beyond human comprehension and reason.The enlightenment shied away from religious topics in order to focus on such fields as science and government. The Enlightenment and Romanticism both held things in common as well as significantly differed. The enlightened mind was more inclined to think about science, and the romantic mind was more prone to theological thoughts. Each we re similar in the fact that they believed in the individual discovering the truth about God rather than blindly listening to a group’s opinion. In general, each movement saw God in a similar way with different details.

Risks and Loyalties

As Markham was summoned into the conference room to begin his presentation to the board of the state pension fund, he was wrestling with whether or not to raise the liability issue. He knew there were risks either way. There was the risk that his client would choose to take their business elsewhere if he told them what he believed to be the fund’s financial reality. Furthermore, such a move would not only result in lost business, but would likely be interpreted as disloyalty towards his firm. But then he thought about what didn’t happen during the 2008 financial crisis, and this reality gnawed at him: When the subprime crisis played out everybody was asking why, even though there were all these people that had a role in making it happen, no one spoke up? And so does somebody who is playing a bit part in creating a reprise of the last crisis have a responsibility to speak up on behalf of the pensioners themselves even though this is contrary to the wishes of their employer and the board of trustees who has hired their employer to provide investment advice? We all commonly find ourselves in a position where we have to tell someone something they don’t want to hear. We face this kind of communication dilemmas all the time; at home, with friends and at workplace. The range can fall between just telling a friend about his look to the case with Harry Makham, who was facing the problem of telling the board of directors about the wrong liability numbers. There are usually 2 ways of responding to this kind of dilemmas, either â€Å"saying it just right† and falling into the category of confident communicator, or failing to inform and falling into the category of unethical cheater. There are at least 5 different approaches for overcoming ethical issues concerning communication dilemma: * The Utilitarian Approach – action that provides the most good or the least harm for all who are affected-customers, employees, shareholders, the community and the environment. * The Rights Approach- action that best protects and respects the moral rights of those affected * The Justice Approach- ethical actions that treat all human beings equally, or if unequally, then fairy based on some standard that is defensible. but there is a debate over CEO salaries that are hundreds of times larger than the pay of others) * The Common Good Approach- actions that lead to the welfare of everyone in community. * The Virtue Approach – actions that are consistent with certain ideal virtues and are consistent with your own values. Regarding the issue of telling clients things they don’t want to hear the Utilitarian Approach may be more useful, and certain factors should b e taken into consideration: * harm to the clients * harm to the firm * harm to the public * harm to environment * harm to yourself (your ethical views)

Language of Politics Essay

Webster’s Encyclopedia defined language, from Latin lingua, â€Å"tongue†, as basically the mode by which humans express themselves vocally and communicate with others. It is the expression and communication of emotions or ideas between human beings by means of speech and hearing, the sounds spoken or heard being systematized and confirmed by usage among a given people over a period of time.[1] The art of using language in such a way that meaning is either limited or produces a new connotation, have only one purpose, that is, to manipulate people in believing other concepts or meanings so that people will not put into bad light or decipher correctly previous actions that have adverse effects to the environment, to people or to the society. Some people believe that our civilization is degenerating and becoming more immoral as time passes us by and that our own language must inevitably share in the general collapse. As the environment continued to be destroyed by our reprehensible actions, surely the abuse of language is also one of the characteristics of a decaying society. Ultimately, the decline of language will have to be traced to its political and economic causes. Language becomes ugly and inaccurate mainly because our own thoughts have become dull and foolish and frivolous. Manipulation of language to cover certain ugly deeds or to paint rosy pictures so as to maintain people support and economic stability is fast becoming the norm in today’s everyday communication. In George Orwell’s †Politics and the English Language†, two qualities that emerged among the five specimens of the English language as it is habitually written are (1) the staleness of imagery; and (2) the lack of precision. He explained that the writer must have a meaning and yet, cannot express it properly or expresses it in such a way that it gives a whole new connotation. The writer might be indifferent to what he is saying and doesn’t care if he is understood at all. Orwell said that this combination of vagueness ad sheer incompetence is one that is most unmistakably marked in terms of characteristics of modern English prose and of any kind of political writing. As soon as topics for discussion are raised, the concrete become abstract and no one seems able to think and speak words that is not hackneyed or trite. Orwell enumerated four tricks by which prose construction is habitually evaded: (1) Dying metaphors – assists thought by evoking a visual image but also a metaphor that is technically â€Å"dead† (e.g., iron resolution) has in effect, reverted to being an ordinary word and can be used without loss of vividness, metaphors that are usually used to save people from inventing new words (e.g., toe the line, stand shoulder to shoulder with, play into the hands of, etc.); (2) Operators or verbal false limbs – saves the trouble of choosing appropriate verbs and nouns and at the same time, pad each sentence with extra syllables that gives it an appearance of symmetry (i.e., render inoperative, militate against, serve the purpose of, etc.); (3) Pretentious diction – words like phenomenon, element, individual, objective, categorical, liquidate, etc. are used to dress up simple statements and give an air of scientific impartiality to biased judgments. Adjectives such as epoch-making, epic, historic, unforgettable, inevitable, etc. are words used to dignify the sordid process of international politics; and (4) Meaningless words – words and passages that are almost lacking in meaning are used (e.g., romantic, plastic, values, human, sentimental, natural, vitality, etc. are usually used in art and literary criticism.[2] Orwell provided a clear and detailed explanation as to the means by which people can destroy the usage of language through the four tricks that was enumerated above. Language can be made lively and interesting, and it can be used with malice and intention to cloud people’s perception of things and events that may be detrimental to some individuals, groups or organizations. What is language of politics? It is basically a term used to describe political or social consequences of linguistic differences between people, or on certain occasion, the political consequences of the way a language is spoken and what words are used.[3] Language, based on early definition, can be a speech of a particular nation or any means of passing on one’s thoughts or feelings to others. It is like a person such that over time, it grows and develops, changes as society changes. Often, society (particularly those in politics) uses language or words as weapons. It is used to make someone feel inferior or to hide something that will be detrimental to someone’s wellbeing. Language basically defines who we were, what we are and where we are going (direction). With its power to devastate and its power to influence, language continually evolves and changes, as the society and the environment changes.[4] For politicians, language is indeed a weapon. Creative and apt usage may cause â€Å"death† on political issues or aspirations. It may be used to cover devious acts and horrendous mistakes so that the citizenry will be clueless. Nowadays, an entire art of using language to manipulate citizens’ knowledge and inputs regarding politics has developed. Language is oftentimes used to hide mistakes or to cloud the people’s better judgment. By using misleading language like jargon, confusing syntax and hypersensitivity to very narrow definitions, politicians are able to make people believe in lies or make them act in such a way that will be greatly beneficial to the political position of a candidate. One example of this is when then Secretary of State, Alexander Haig (1981) manipulated words because he was to explain to Congress why a group of Salvadoran soldiers trained and equipped by the United States had brutally raped and killed four American nuns. Haid used every language trick imaginable to suggest that the nuns actually got involved in an â€Å"exchange of fire† with the soldiers such that the image of nuns fighting with soldiers almost obliterated the fact that a crime was committed against the nuns. This is an example of how language can be manipulated to suit the needs of the politicians.[5] Politicians also mislead its citizenry by using jargon. Jargon refers to the confusing labels that are often attached to things. This is used so that those who are knowledgeable will know precisely what is being referred to. To use it with dishonesty and deceitfulness in mind, jargon is oftentimes used to confuse people with very formal sounding language. One example of this is when a doctor tells a patient that she has â€Å"sever abdominal distension†, encouraging the patient to spend more for her hospitalization, little knowing that it just means she is experiencing â€Å"cramps†. This is oftentimes utilized during wartimes (e.g. during the Gulf War) by politicians to report about â€Å"targets being serviced† which only meant that something possible containing people in it was destroyed. William Lutz, in his book titled Doublespeak, gave another example on the usage of jargon to mislead people. He cited a US$2,043 dollar â€Å"hexaform rotatable surface compression unit†, which â€Å"suffered dramatically degraded useful operational life† when it â€Å"underwent catastrophic stress-related shaft detachment†. Upon hearing this, people will naturally think that the government should be more careful in buying such units when in actuality, it only meant a nut that has a value that is much too costly for comfort.[6] Another way of deceiving the people is when politicians use confusing syntax. Syntax basically refers to grammar and certain grammatical structures can be used to misinform and mislead people. One mistake that was covered up by using syntax was the aborted hostage rescue effort in Iran during the hostage crisis of the 1970’s. The presidential spokesman dispatched to â€Å"inform† the public of the circumstances explained that something had happened, but nothing really happened, there were or were not casualties and the US may or may not have been involved. Lutz came up with another example wherein it shows that politicians try to avoid being pinpointed as the author of bills that invariably raise taxes. Draft tax laws like â€Å"in the case of a partnership with a taxable year beginning 1 May 1986, if such partnership realized net capital gain during the period beginning†¦then such partnership may elect to treat each asset—as having been distributed to the partners†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The readers simply lose track of what is being discussed and are left with no choice but to just accept what is being reported.[7] By using very narrow definitions, politicians are able to effectively deceive people. A politician may apply a rarely used definition to mislead or use a term in its strictest sense while everyone else assumed that the more far-ranging definition applied. One example of this is when President Bill Clinton explained that â€Å"there is no sexual relationship†. Americans assumed that his â€Å"is† also referred to the past and that there has never been any sexual relationship when in fact, he meant that literally at that moment, there was no sexual relationship. Another example is when a plane crashed due to a propeller that fell off and was explained in an FAA report as a case of â€Å"uncontained blade liberation†. The horrible effect of incompetence is thus hidden in a term of â€Å"blade liberation†, misleading people to think that nothing untoward happened. Politicians have so much power when they use language in misinformation and deceit. People will just have to be constantly aware when they are being given jargons, syntax and very narrow definitions that are confusing and vague, making them robots that are programmed to accept and believe according to the whims of those who are in the position of power. References Anderson-Krome, Christopher W. What is Language? Retrieved 30 May 2007 from http://www.sebsteph.com/Professional/Bart’s%20class/Rankenfall99/candersonkrome.html. Language. Webster’s International Dictionary. 1998. Trident Press International, Florida USA. p716. Language politics. Retrieved 30 May 2007 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/language_politics. Orwell, George. Politics and the English Language. 1946. Retrieved 30 May 2007 from http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/orwell46.html. Sample Essay. The COC Guide to Writing: Online Edition. Retrieved 30 May 2007 from http://www.coc.cc.ca.us/departments/ENGLISH/Guide/wizard1_200-599/500-599/517b.html. [1] Language. Webster’s International Dictionary. 1998. Trident Press International, Florida USA. P716. [2] Orwell, George. Politics and the English Language. 1946. Retrieved 30 May 2007 from http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/orwell46.html. [3] Language politics. Retrieved 30 May 2007 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/language_politics. [4] Anderson-Krome, Christopher W. What is Language? Retrieved 30 May 2007 from http://www.sebsteph.com/Professional/Bart’s%20class/Rankenfall99/candersonkrome.html. [5] Sample Essay. The COC Guide to Writing: Online Edition. Retrieved 30 May 2007 from http://www.coc.cc.ca.us/departments/ENGLISH/Guide/wizard1_200-599/500-599/517b.html. [6] Sample Essay. Ibid. [7] Ibid.

King Lear Quote Analysis

â€Å"The art of our necessities is strange,' That can make vile things precious. † (3. ) 3. A. Speaker Lear b. Context Lear is raging out in the storm, the Fool urges Lear to find shelter c. Significance While Lear is raging and letting his anger get to the best of hi m, he realizes hat giving all Of the power to Generic and Reagan were foolish decisions. He did don't think about how ruling the kingdom granted him so much power, and realized this when he threw it all away foolishly. Lear learns that you can hate something or someone, until the mom entity need it most. L have no way, and therefore want no eyes; I stumbled when I saw. † (4. 1) 4. A. Speaker Gloucester b. Context Edgar sees an Old Man leading Gloucester, who is remorseful ova ere hating on Edgar, whom he loves and misses. C. Significance Gloucester claims that he would rather be able to see people from the inside, rather than the outer appearance or how they seem. He wants to know the try HTH of everyone s ince he didn't see the people for who they are, but saw them just from hearing ABA out them and assuming who they were.Gloucester doesn't want anymore misunderstanding gas, because that is what caused all of these trials. He realizes that you can only see a person for who they are by their actions. â€Å"The weight of this sad time we must obey;' Speak what we feel, not what we ought to say. / The oldest hath borne most: we that are young/ Shall never see so much, nor live so long. (5. 3) 5. A. Speaker Edgar b. Context Albany, Kent, and Edgar discussing after the tragedy that had jug SST taken place. . Significance Edgar has came up with the conclusion that speaking what we feel and had time to think about it rather than just blurting out whatever is on our mind is t he wisest thing to do because it'll end up in a tragedy such as this. Edgar also states that he, all Eng with Albany and Kent, can never see worst than the tragic events that occurred such as the De tats of Lear and hi s daughters, and his father and brother, Gloucester and Edmund.

Risks Associated with the Internet as Part of a Business Solution Essay

Risks Associated with the Internet as Part of a Business Solution - Essay Example On the other hand, with frequently growing dependence on the Internet, this technology turns out to be the central infrastructure for the majority of necessary business tasks, as a result making them more susceptible to considerable Internet disturbances. Without a doubt, a variety of security threats and risks exist in all areas of the Internet, and the business processes that make use of the Internet. In this scenario, some of the probable risks and security challenges can comprise disruptions caused by coding error, malicious code, natural disasters that have significant impacts on fundamental Internet routers and hubs, and security attacks and threats posed by terrorists or other attackers. In case of ING business, their important accounting data would be transmitted through the Internet which can be hacked by a hacker and misused later on (Business RoundTable, 2007; Cisco, 2013). Â  The World Economic Forum has estimated that in the coming few years, there would be a 10% to 20% probability of an interruption of the serious information infrastructure that is one of the probably risks it researched. In addition, the global economic cost that the World Economic Forum has estimated goes beyond $250 billion, which is surely one of the biggest cost assessments of the risks examined. On the other hand, these financial flow impacts of an Internet problem or threat can cause a wide variety of challenges and problems for the business organizations. In this scenario, some of the problems can include lower incomes, decrease in efficiency, stock market crashes, reduced spending, a decline in consumer self-confidence and a possible liquidity disaster (Business RoundTable, 2007; Cisco, 2013). Â  Without a doubt, the business of ING Group heavily relies on the information technology and IT is being used in every region of ING Group.

Write a play. RELIGION Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Write a play. RELIGION - Coursework Example This may be contrary to Jewish states which are run in accordance to Jewish law through special administrative courts. Individuals from Jewish background easily co-exist with others despite their conservative nature towards their beliefs. This shows why currently, the major secular Jewish defense agencies incorporate personnel capable and devoted to handling interfaith affairs. They create opportunities where members of other faith religions are allowed to discuss and dialogue. David: Health care providers focus on giving appropriate care to patients from different religious backgrounds. This calls for nurses to acquire as much knowledge as they can concern various religious beliefs and their cultural practices for the purposes of providing quality healthcare. Common "religions often encountered within health care domains are Baha’ism, Buddhism and Sikhism" (Puchalski and Romer, 2000). However, such religions share a number of similarities and differences. Diversity in religio ns and faith belief systems provides enough challenges within the health care sector. However, health care providers are endowed with "responsibility of showing acceptance of diversity of various belief expressions" (Puchalski and Romer, 2000). Hussein: According to Sikh religion, health and healing are directly related to spirituality since they believe in the intricate relationship between body, spirit and mind. Within the same line of belief, body is believed to serve the purpose of housing the spirit, which ultimately connects people with God. Sikh religion majorly believes in meditation, which forms an integral part of daily livelihood from family and on an individual level (Puchalski and Romer, 2000). Husein: Sikh contains prayers meant specifically for one's healing and peace, which are provided in form of hymns. Prayer is believed to have powers necessary for acquiring courage, hope, acceptance and understanding of deep meaning of illness. According to the religion, God carr ies out his will on sicknesses either through prayer or traditional medicine. Some believers prefer to accept God’s will rather than follow medical prescriptions from physicians. They are at liberty to combine Western medicine with traditional herbs as well as other available therapies. There are extensive teachings on destructive nature of illicit drugs, which according to Sikh, should be avoided by all means since they are believed to interfere with body functions, hence detrimental in the process of pursuing godly life. The religion partly allows issues on birth control since it is viewed as a form of disruption to natural cycle of life from different perspectives. (Puchalski and Romer, 2000). David: A meditation on the scriptures and prayer are considered to be of profound importance, which is done with the assistance of family members. Concepts of prayer and meditation can be performed in an active form by patients or they may be passive in form of hymns (Puchalski and R omer, 2000). All practices surrounding health care should give much attention to the holistic healing of the mind, body and spirit. Spiritual healing helps the process of identifying and appreciating the importance of an empowered life based on true self-worth. Healing experiences assists individuals in living lives that are limitless. Healing in the spirit as mentioned by most religions, demands leaving the concerns of the physical body and embracing the supernatural light. Husein: However, most of these experiences are extensively dealt with in the physical body. It is an important aspect for individuals to long for a recovery from a spiritual perspective. This assists medics in identifying the fact that malfunctioning body organs can be well rectified from the

Discussion Shared Practice - Reflection and Trends PART II Assignment

Discussion Shared Practice - Reflection and Trends PART II - Assignment Example h you mentioned the issue of mobility, I am convinced that the era of IT mobility is already with us and that into the future, there will be much emphasis on accessibility, such that the need to build more devices that can give access to internet will be given attention. If for example there will be laptops that come with preinstalled internet access, it should be even easier to move IT everywhere a person goes, given the importance that internet plays in IT system (Currier, 2010). Chen, S., & Chang, B. (2012). The effects of absorptive capacity and decision speed on organizational innovation: A study of organizational structure as an antecedent variable. Contemporary Management Research. 8(1), 27–50. Retrieved March 31, 2014 from the Walden Library databases. Â  Your post has been very insightful for me in understanding the need to fastening measures aimed at protecting IT data. This is because for all this while, I had really not thought about how basic human factors can also deny an organization access to information needed to play very specific roles at a given time frame. But mentioning issues like sickness makes it important that the means of storage of IT data could be through a more accessible means such as cloud storage, which demands access over the internet (quote). I am not surprised that you mentioned the means of storage as one of the trends affecting business. To add to your presentation, I am hopeful that organizations can get the most out of the future of information system if they will build a workforce that is ready to embrace the trends. By this, the need to employ workers who have in-depth knowledge on the use of IT will be

Kinship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Kinship - Essay Example Though no material evidence suggests literacy with writing and reading, they can facilitate daily communication with composite form of language (Chagnon). Since the horticulture-inclined Yanomamo have become accustomed to waging village warfare, it is a normal tendency to form political allies and functions which, by the systematic principles of kinship, decide for the village people in the aspects of shelter, tribal relationships and other social issues, as well as the manner of adjusting with the environment. The Yanomamo, due to arranged violent encounters, have in a way manage to shape their culture by following certain behavior acquired in response to the sensitive call for survival (Chagnon). Through the system of kinships that constitute their living, social and familial ties are further enhanced as Yanomamo natives conduct frequent and periodic occasions of feasting and trading (Kittelson & Stafford). Arranged intermarriages via the kinship ruling are based upon the fighting skillfulness of a male relative after each combat with triumphant results.